|
Click on the first letter in the Drug name:
Kanamycin Sulfate
Pronouncation: (kan-uh-MY-sin SULL-fate)
Class: Aminoglycoside
Trade Names:
Kantrex
- Capsules 500 mg
- Injection 500 mg
- Injection 1 g
- Pediatric Injection 75 mg
Mechanism of Action
Pharmacology
Inhibits production of bacterial protein, causing cell
death.
Pharmacokinetics
Absorption
Rapidly absorbed after IM injection. T max is
approximately 1 hr. C max is 22 mcg/mL (from the
7.5 mg/kg dose). Poorly absorbed from the normal GI tract
(orally).
Distribution
Diffuses rapidly into most body fluids including synovial and
peritoneal fluids and bile. Significant levels of drug appear in
cord blood and amniotic fluid.
Metabolism
Little if any metabolic transformation occurs.
Elimination
Plasma t ½ is 2 hr.
Excreted almost entirely by glomerular filtration and is not
reabsorbed by the renal tubules. Renal excretion is extremely
rapid. The unabsorbed portion is eliminated unchanged in the
feces.
Duration
48 to 72 hr
Special Populations
Renal Function Impairment
Patients with renal function impairment or diminished glomerular
pressure excrete kanamycin more slowly. May build up excessively
high blood levels that lead to increased risk of ototoxic
reactions.
Severely burned patients
In severely burned patients, t ½ may
significantly decrease. As result serum concentrations may be
lower.
Indications and Usage
Parenteral
Short-term treatment of serious infections caused by susceptible
strains of microorganisms, especially gram-negative bacteria.
Oral
Short-term adjunctive therapy for suppression of intestinal
bacteria; treatment of hepatic coma.
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity to aminoglycosides; intestinal obstruction
(oral). Generally not indicated for long-term therapy (more than 14
days) because of ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity.
Dosage and Administration
Infection
Adults and Children
IM/IV 15 mg/kg/day in 2 to 4 divided doses. Do not exceed 1.5
g/day.
Suppression of Intestinal Bacteria
Adults
PO 1 g qh for 4 hr, then 1 g q 6 hr for 36 to 72 hr.
Tuberculosis
Adults and children
IM/IV 15 to 30 mg/kg/day (max, 1 g/day).
Hepatic Coma
Adults
PO 8 to 12 g/day in divided doses.
General Advice
- For IV administration, dilute each 500
mg with 100 to 200 mL or more of 0.9% sodium chloride or D5W. Give
slowly over 30 to 60 min.
- Give IM injection deeply into upper
outer quadrant of gluteal muscle.
Storage/Stability
Store at room temperature. Darkening of vials during shelf life
does not indicate loss of potency.
Drug Interactions
Beta-lactam antibiotics (eg, cephalosporins, penicillins)
Do not mix in IV solutions.
Digoxin, methotrexate, vitamin A, vitamin K
Oral kanamycin may decrease absorption of these drugs.
Drugs with nephrotoxic potential (eg, amphotericin,
cephalosporins, enflurane, methoxyflurane, vancomycin)
Increased risk of nephrotoxicity.
Loop diuretics
Increased auditory toxicity.
Neuromuscular blocking agents
Enhanced effects of these agents.
Polypeptide antibiotics
Increased risk of respiratory paralysis and renal
dysfunction.
Laboratory Test Interactions
None well documented.
Adverse Reactions
CNS
Neuromuscular blockade.
EENT
Hearing loss; deafness; loss of balance.
GI
Malabsorption syndrome (eg, increased fecal fat, decreased serum
carotene, fall in xylose absorption); nausea; vomiting;
diarrhea.
Genitourinary
Oliguria; proteinuria; elevated serum creatinine and BUN;
granular casts; red and white cells in urine; decreased Ccr.
Respiratory
Apnea.
Miscellaneous
Pain and irritation at injection site; acute muscular paralysis;
hypomagnesemia.
Precautions
Warnings
Neurotoxicity
Manifests as both auditory and vestibular ototoxicity, and
primarily occurs in patients with preexisting renal damage with
prolonged therapy. Partial or total irreversible deafness may
continue to develop after drug is stopped. Other features of
neurotoxicity include paresthesia, twitching, and seizures.
Nephrotoxicity
Usually reversible.
Teratogenic in pregnancy.
Closely monitor renal and eighth nerve function in patients with
suspected renal dysfunction. Monitor peak and trough
concentrations. Dosage adjustments are required in renal
impairment.
|
Pregnancy
Category D .
Lactation
Excreted in breast milk.
Children
Use cautiously in premature infants and newborns because of
renal immaturity.
Neuromuscular blockade
Use with caution in patients with neuromuscular disorders, those
receiving anesthesia or muscle relaxants, hypomagnesemia,
hypocalcemia, hypokalemia, or in newborns whose mothers received
magnesium sulfate.
Oral absorption
Increased absorption (and potential for toxicity) when
intestinal mucosa is ulcerated or denuded.
Overdosage
Symptoms
Nephrotoxicity, auditory toxicity, vestibular toxicity,
neuromuscular blockade, respiratory paralysis.
Patient Information
- Advise patient that drug may cause
nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea.
- Instruct patient to drink plenty of
fluids while taking medication.
- Emphasize importance of follow-up
visits and serial audiograms, because ototoxicity may be
asymptomatic.
- Instruct patient to report the
following symptoms to health care provider: ringing in ears,
hearing impairment, rash, difficulty urinating, or dizziness.
Latest news about Kanamycin Sulfate:
{news_rss}
Typical mistypes for Kanamycin Sulfate
janamycin sulfate, manamycin sulfate, lanamycin sulfate, oanamycin sulfate, ianamycin sulfate, kznamycin sulfate, ksnamycin sulfate, kwnamycin sulfate, kqnamycin sulfate, kabamycin sulfate, kamamycin sulfate, kajamycin sulfate, kahamycin sulfate, kanzmycin sulfate, kansmycin sulfate, kanwmycin sulfate, kanqmycin sulfate, kananycin sulfate, kanakycin sulfate, kanajycin sulfate, kanamtcin sulfate, kanamgcin sulfate, kanamhcin sulfate, kanamucin sulfate, kanam7cin sulfate, kanam6cin sulfate, kanamyxin sulfate, kanamyvin sulfate, kanamyfin sulfate, kanamydin sulfate, kanamycun sulfate, kanamycjn sulfate, kanamyckn sulfate, kanamycon sulfate, kanamyc9n sulfate, kanamyc8n sulfate, kanamycib sulfate, kanamycim sulfate, kanamycij sulfate, kanamycih sulfate, kanamycin aulfate, kanamycin zulfate, kanamycin xulfate, kanamycin dulfate, kanamycin eulfate, kanamycin wulfate, kanamycin sylfate, kanamycin shlfate, kanamycin sjlfate, kanamycin silfate, kanamycin s8lfate, kanamycin s7lfate, kanamycin sukfate, kanamycin supfate, kanamycin suofate, kanamycin suldate, kanamycin sulcate, kanamycin sulvate, kanamycin sulgate, kanamycin sultate, kanamycin sulrate, kanamycin sulfzte, kanamycin sulfste, kanamycin sulfwte, kanamycin sulfqte, kanamycin sulfare, kanamycin sulfafe, kanamycin sulfage, kanamycin sulfaye, kanamycin sulfa6e, kanamycin sulfa5e, kanamycin sulfatw, kanamycin sulfats, kanamycin sulfatd, kanamycin sulfatr, kanamycin sulfat4, kanamycin sulfat3, anamycin sulfate, knamycin sulfate, kaamycin sulfate, kanmycin sulfate, kanaycin sulfate, kanamcin sulfate, kanamyin sulfate, kanamycn sulfate, kanamyci sulfate, kanamycinsulfate, kanamycin ulfate, kanamycin slfate, kanamycin sufate, kanamycin sulate, kanamycin sulfte, kanamycin sulfae, kanamycin sulfat, aknamycin sulfate, knaamycin sulfate, kaanmycin sulfate, kanmaycin sulfate, kanaymcin sulfate, kanamcyin sulfate, kanamyicn sulfate, kanamycni sulfate, kanamyci nsulfate, kanamycins ulfate, kanamycin uslfate, kanamycin slufate, kanamycin suflate, kanamycin sulafte, kanamycin sulftae, kanamycin sulfaet, kkanamycin sulfate, kaanamycin sulfate, kannamycin sulfate, kanaamycin sulfate, kanammycin sulfate, kanamyycin sulfate, kanamyccin sulfate, kanamyciin sulfate, kanamycinn sulfate, kanamycin sulfate, kanamycin ssulfate, kanamycin suulfate, kanamycin sullfate, kanamycin sulffate, kanamycin sulfaate, kanamycin sulfatte, kanamycin sulfatee, etc.
Tags: Kanamycin Sulfate
|
Home
Add to favorites
Print page
